Mesopotamia is, by all rights, called the "cradle of civilization" since the area of Mesopotamia is where four great kingdoms flourished, which, by their achievements in various fields, laid the foundations of civilization. The development of primitive communities into urban centers, with a complex irrigation and tillage system, was a major undertaking that allowed the population of Mesopotamia to grow and strengthen to the large and powerful kingdoms that once dominated the surrounding areas, and, which extended their influence throughout the Middle East all the way to the Mediterranean, to be transmitted to the present day by the Egyptian, Greek and Roman civilization. Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylon thus left a deep imprint, and became synonymous with great civilizational achievements in the fields of social and political organization, economy, administration, legislation, and especially religion and mythology. All this was achieved through great human effort through a lengthy process, and in the end, despite the various influences that came to Mesopotamia from all the surroundings, the kingdoms of Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylon were able to retain their cultural-civilizational expression based on the Sumerian-Semitic domicile core.