The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between personality traits, goal orientations and school achievement. Furthermore, this study investigated the possibility of predicting school achievement through personality traits and goal orientations. The study was conducted on high school students (N = 222) of second, third, and fourth grade. Instruments used in this study were Big Five Inventory and Components of self Regulated Learning. As a measure of school achievement researchers gathered students’ previous grade point average, grade in Croatian language, mathematics, and first foreign language. The results of this study indicated that there is a positive correlation between conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness with learning goal orientation. Furthermore, openness and performance goal orientation are in positive correlation, while conscientiousness and agreeableness are in negative correlation with work-avoidance goal orientation. The study has shown that the GPA is in positive correlation with conscientiousness, learning, and performance goal orientation, while negative correlation is found with work-avoidance goal orientation. Grade in Croatian language is in positive correlation with conscientiousness and learning goal orientation, but in negative correlation with work-avoidance goal orientation. The math grade is in positive correlation with performance goal orientation, while the first foreign language grade is in negative correlation with extraversion and agreeableness. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis suggested that conscientiousness and neuroticism are positive predictors of GPA and Croatian language grade. Furthermore, openness is a positive predictor, while extraversion is a negative predictor of first foreign language grade. Finally, it is shown that learning goal orientation is a positive predictor of Croatian language grade.