The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between family factors (family satisfaction, maternal acceptance and rejection, paternal acceptance and rejection), perfectionism, self-esteem, and the risk of eating disorders among female students. The study involved 310 women aged 18 to 30. The research was conducted online and the following instruments were used: the Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, Eating Attidues Test- EAT-26, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Burns Perfectionism Scale, and the Family Reactions Quality Scale - KOBI. The risks for eating disorders were positively correlated with perfectionism and maternal/paternal rejection, and negatively correlated with self-esteem and maternal/paternal acceptance. The first hypothesis stated that maternal and paternal acceptance and family satisfaction would predict a lower risk, while maternal and paternal rejection would predict a higher risk for eating disorders. The results of the regression analysis indicated that only paternal rejection was a statistically significant predictor of the risk for eating disorders and predicted a higher risk; therefore, the first hypothesis was partially confirmed. The second hypothesis stated that perfectionism would mediate the relationship between family factors and the risk of eating disorders. The results of the mediation analysis showed that perfectionism mediated the relationship between paternal rejection and the risk of eating disorders, confirming the hypothesis. Furthermore, the third hypothesis stated that self-esteem would mediate the relationship between family factors and the risk of eating disorders. The mediation analysis confirmed the mediating effect, thus confirming the hypothesis. However, both identified mediations were partial, as the effect of paternal rejection was reduced but remained significant. These results may be useful in shaping interventions and treatment of the psychopathology of eating disorders.